Ghiacciaio del Pre de Bar – Storia di avanzate e ritiri negli ultimi 20000 anni

Stefano Rossignoli 29 luglio 2014

ghiacciaio di pre de bar 1983 sf
ghiacciaio di pre de bar 1983 per scienzafacile.it

Ho revisionato appena ora l’articolo sottostante che tratta di ghiacciai e di uno in particolare, quello di Pre de Bar sul quale ho girato anche un breve video-post durante l’estate 2012.

Ieri, mio papà ha voluto perdersi nei ricordi e ha rovistato tutta la sera nel borsone delle fotografie di famiglia. Un album di fotografie scattate in Val Ferret mi ritraeva piccino, all’età di circa 10 anni durante una gita in cui andammo ad osservare la fronte del Ghiacciaio di Pre de Bar (rigorosamente da lontano… “Non ci si avvicina alle fronti dei ghiacciai. E’ pericoloso” ripeteva insistentemente mio papà! …come dargli torto in questo e in molti altri casi?).

E’ dunque intorno al 1983 che è stata scattata questa splendida immagine di apertura che può solo far morire d’invidia noi, amanti dei ghiacci alpini che vanno scemando di anno in anno. (ingranditela e godetevela cliccandoci sopra!)

Auguriamoci almeno che gli anni senza estate come questo servano ad addobbare di nuovo le alte vallate alpine e appenniniche, nonché  a regalarci riserve abbondanti d’acqua per il futuro…

Stefano Rossignoli 27 settembre 2012

Ghiacciaio di Pre de Bar - La netta linea di separazione...
Quel che resta del Ghiacciaio di Pre de Bar e la netta linea di separazione…

Scherzosamente, io e il mio socio di trekking Daniele abbiamo definito la nostra vacanza, una vacanza scientifica perchè, per mia fortuna, durante il nostro trekking 2012 (vedi gli altri trekking qui) io ero molto allenato, lui un po’ meno, allora ne approfittavo sempre per chiacchierare, spiegare, puntualizzare su tutto ciò che vedevamo e per mia fortuna Daniele ascoltava senza annoiarsi…

Il nuovo video post riguarda le avanzate e i ritiri del Ghiacciaio di Pre de bar in alta Val Ferret (AO) e in questo frangente volevo spiegare brevemente come si può ricostruire la sua storia semplicemente dai depositi lasciati e, in questo caso, semplicemente dal colore dei depositi e dall’attività erosiva …ma forse è meglio se prima vi guardate il video.

Bene. Da cosa dipende la differenza di colore tra l’alloggiamento del ghiacciaio negli anni 80/primi anni 90 e quello invece più antico della Piccola Età Glaciale? Dipende soprattutto dalla vegetazione…

I sassi, ecc lasciati liberi negli anni 90 non sono ancora stati popolati dalla vegetazione. Forse solo da qualche lichene o poco altro, mentre le zone libere dal ghiacciaio da oltre 100 anni sono ricche di copertura vegetale.

Anche gli alberi, man mano che passa il tempo riescono a colonizzare le morene glaciali fino a certe quote, ma hanno bisogno di tempo appunto.

Quindi, dalla copertura vegetale da cui dipende anche il colore delle morene si può ricostruire da quanto tempo queste siano state abbandonate dal ghiacciaio. Il colore delle rocce delle morene dipende anche dall’alterazione chimica ma anche le reazioni chimiche hanno bisogno di tempo…

Questo ovviamente lo si può fare anche ad occhio per casi come questo…

Un altro fattore importante per comprendere da quanto tempo il ghiacciaio se ne sia andato, è quello dell’erosione.

Superfici appena abbandonate presentano spigoli netti (morene aguzze ad esempio) ed intensa attività erosiva e gravitativa.

Superfici antiche sono sempre più arrotondate e smussate man mano che l’età aumenta…

Così, e con un po’ di esperienza si può ricostruire la storia di un ghiacciaio nelle ultime migliaia di anni.

Da sottolineare che oggi la vegetazione è anche misurabile. La lichenometria (studio della dimensione dei talli lichenici) e soprattutto la dendrogeomorfologia (studio degli anelli di accrescimento dei fusti degli alberi in base alla loro posizione nello scenario geologico) ci ‘regalano’ ogni giorno nuovi dati per comprendere al meglio i cambiamenti dei ghiacciai: indicatori climatici e ambientali di prim’ordine.

Con questo vi saluto e vi do appuntamento alla ricostruzione di avanzate e ritiri glaciali in base alla morfologia di una valle laterale della Val Ferret.

A presto.

Stefano Rossignoli

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