Come realizzare il calco di un fossile in lastra

La realizzazione del calco di un fossile è spesso utile in quanto gli esemplari originali sono in numero esiguo o addirittura unici al mondo quindi, ai fini dell’esposizione, si realizzano copie dell’originale…
Realizzare un calco, in poche parole consiste nell’ottenere un’impronta (detta matrice) in silicone del fossile e della lastra che lo contiene e poi versarci dentro qualcosa che solidifichi come una resina plastica che ne prenda la forma.
Bisognerà quindi costruire intorno al fossile un contenitore in cui versare il silicone liquido in attesa che ‘solidifichi’ diventando gommoso e prenda la forma del fossile.
L’operazione in cui procedere con maggiore attenzione è quella di sigillare il fossile al ripiano inferiore se non vorrò trovarmi il fossile racchiuso in una lastra di silicone…

Stefano Rossignoli 29 novembre 2010

La realizzazione del calco di un fossile è spesso utile in quanto gli esemplari originali sono in numero esiguo o addirittura unici al mondo quindi, ai fini dell’esposizione, si realizzano copie dell’originale…

Calchi in attesa di colorazione

Questo è il classico caso del famosissimo Tyrannosaurux rex che si trova in molti musei in tutto il mondo, ma la realtà è ben diversa. Di esemplari grossi e belli ce ne sono solo due, uno conservato nello stato del Michigan e l’altro in South Dakota!!!

Tutti i Tyrannosaurus rex che vediamo (anche esposti nei musei che ospitano le ossa originali) sono calchi! Questi sono calchi in tre dimensioni. Io non mi sono mai occupato di realizzarli. La maggior parte dei fossili che ho ‘avuto per le mani’ erano su lastre di rocce sedimentarie (solitamente calcari…) e la necessità mi ha indirizzato a realizzare solo calchi di fossili in lastra e ora metto ‘sul piatto’ la mia piccola esperienza.

La tecnica che vi illustrerò è stata in parte recentemente vietata in Italia. Il motivo è che le leggi che tutelano i fossili sono le stesse che tutelano i beni archeologici, ma ci si vedrà costretti credo a cambiare legge …oppure a smettere di fare i calchi dei fossili.

Attualmente è permessa solo la scansione dell’originale al laser. Il calco poi lo realizzerebbe una macchina utensile (una fresa ad esempio) sul modello digitale in 3D ma, mentre ciò che può fare uno scalpello o una mano lo può fare di solito anche una macchina utensile, ciò che fa la natura (immaginate la pinna di un pesce o la sottilissima ornamentazione di una scaglia) non può essere imitato da una macchina salvo spendendo cifre astronomiche… E’ ancora permesso ovviamente utilizzare il materiale (ovvero le matrici) che risale a prima dell’approvazione di quella legge…

Da dove cominciamo?

Dal ripiano di lavoro. Il laboratorio in cui realizzo comunemente i calchi ha una cappa aspirante. E’ qui che si lavora, perchè i materiali da utilizzare non vanno respirati!!! Leggi tutto “Come realizzare il calco di un fossile in lastra”

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